Family. Studies have shown that problems in family interactions are ongoing stressors that can predispose one to depression, particularly “ambivalent, abusive, rejecting, or highly dependent family relationships”. Reporter was reported that patients who perceived high family stress were at risk for greater future severity of illness. Higher utilization of health services, and higher health care expense.
Social. Major depression may follow a substantial adverse live event, especially one that involves the loss of an important human relationship or role in life (APA, 1993) a history of traumatic events has been highly correlated with mood disorders the diagnostic assessment for women, in particular, should include a detailed inquiry regarding sexual and physical abuse, social isolation is a major risk factor especially in older adults and the economically or socially disadvantaged.
Risk Factors
Both recognition and diagnosis of depression rest on an awareness of risk factors for depression, as well as elicitation of the key signs, symptoms and history of illness. According to AHCPR (1993), the major risk factors for depression include:
Prior episode of depression
Family history of depressive disorder
Lack of social support
Stressful life event
Current substance use
Medical comorbidity
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